81 lines
2.3 KiB
Markdown
81 lines
2.3 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Go Concurrency Patterns in Practice"
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date: 2026-05-15T10:00:00+08:00
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draft: false
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poet: |
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To see a World in a Grain of Sand
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And a Heaven in a Wild Flower
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——William Blake，英国，1757–1827
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description: "Go concurrency beyond the basics. Worker pools for bounded parallelism, context propagation for cancellation, select loops for channel coordination — three patterns that hold up in production."
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tags:
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- Go
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- Concurrency
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- Programming
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---
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I've been writing Go for a few years now, and concurrency remains one of those topics where textbook knowledge doesn't quite prepare you for production. Here are a few patterns I've found genuinely useful.
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## The Worker Pool
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The classic. Useful when you need bounded parallelism:
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```go
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func workerPool(jobs <-chan Job, results chan<- Result, count int) {
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var wg sync.WaitGroup
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for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
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wg.Add(1)
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go func() {
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defer wg.Done()
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for job := range jobs {
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results <- process(job)
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}
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}()
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}
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wg.Wait()
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close(results)
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}
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```
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## Context Propagation
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Probably the single most important practice I've adopted: **every long-running goroutine should accept a context**. It makes cancellation and timeout handling explicit rather than an afterthought.
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```go
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func fetchWithTimeout(ctx context.Context, url string) ([]byte, error) {
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ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second)
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defer cancel()
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req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", url, nil)
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if err != nil {
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return nil, err
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}
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// ...
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}
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```
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## The Select Loop
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When you need to coordinate multiple channels, `select` is your friend. A common pattern:
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```go
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for {
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select {
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case msg := <-messages:
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handle(msg)
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case <-ctx.Done():
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return ctx.Err()
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case <-ticker.C:
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flush()
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}
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}
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```
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## Things I Wish I Knew Earlier
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1. **Channel ownership** — the goroutine that writes should also close the channel
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2. **Buffered channels aren't a fix for deadlocks** — they just push the problem further out
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3. **`sync.WaitGroup` copies by value** — pass it by pointer, always
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4. **The race detector is free** — `go test -race` should be part of your CI
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Concurrency in Go is *easy to write* but *hard to get right*. The compiler won't save you from logical races. That's on us.
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